The RISKS Digest
Volume 4 Index

Forum on Risks to the Public in Computers and Related Systems

ACM Committee on Computers and Public Policy, Peter G. Neumann, moderator

Volume 4 Issue 01 (Sunday, 2 November 1986)

• Latest version of the computer-related trouble list (Peter G. Neumann)

Volume 4 Issue 02 (Sunday, 2 November 1986)

• Insurgent Squirrel Joins No-Ways Arc (Ross McKenrick)
• Collision avoidance systems - FAA vs. Honeywell (Charlie Hurd)
• The Military and Automatic Humans (Ronald J Wanttaja)
• Assessing system effectiveness (Scott E. Preece)
• Computers in elections (Kurt Hyde)
• 17th FAULT-TOLERANT COMPUTING SYMPOSIUM (Flaviu Cristian)

Volume 4 Issue 03 (Monday, 3 November 1986)

• The Big Bang at the London Stock Exchange (Jonathan Bowen)
• UK computer security audit (Robert Stroud)
• Austin's computer-controlled traffic lights (Alan Wexelblat)
• Computers and Medical Charts (Elliott S. Frank)

Volume 4 Issue 04 (Tuesday, 4 November 1986)

• Flawed Radars in Air Traffic Control (PGN/UPI)
• The Future of English (risks of technocrats, risks of word processors) (Martin Minow)

Volume 4 Issue 05 (Wednesday, 5 November 1986)

• Computer causes chaos in Brazilian Election (Jonathan Bowen)
• Risks of FAA Philosophy ? (Robert DiCamillo)
• Computers and Medical Charts (Christopher C. Stacy)
• Re: Insurgent Squirrel Joins No-Ways Arc (rsk)
• Micros in Car engines (Peter Stokes)

Volume 4 Issue 06 (Thursday, 6 November 1986)

• Computerized Reagan swamps Hospital with calls (David Whiteman via Werner Uhrig)
• Aftermath of the Big Bang (Robert Stroud)
• Fault tolerant computer manufacturer RISKS (Robert Stroud)
• Re: Micros in Car engines (Don Wegeng)
• Re:airplanes and risks, Risks 3.89 (Udo Voges)

Volume 4 Issue 07 (Friday, 7 November 1986)

• Risks of RISKS (PGN)
• Details on the British Air Traffic Control computer outage (from Herb Hecht)
• Re: UK computer security audit (Robert Stroud)
• USS Liberty (Matthew P Wiener)
• Grassroots sneak attack on NSA (Matthew P Wiener)
• A variation of the Stanford breakin method (Arno Diehl)
• Re: Subject: Computers and Medical Charts (Roy Smith)
• DDN Net breakdown (?) on 6 Nov 86? (Will Martin)
• Re: Linguistic decay (Matthew P Wiener)
• Mechanical Aids to Writing (Earl Boebert)

Volume 4 Issue 08 (Sunday, 9 November 1986)

• Brazilian laws require proof of voting. People NEED those cards. (Scot E. Wilcoxon)
• Grassroots sneak attack on NSA (Herb Lin, Matthew P Wiener)
• Ethernet Security Risks (Phil Ngai)
• Perfection (Herb Lin)
• Information replacing knowledge (Daniel G. Rabe)
• Word Processors / The Future of English (Stephen Page)
• Copyrights; passwords; medical information (Matthew P Wiener)

Volume 4 Issue 09 (Monday, 10 November 1986)

• Risk of aging (Lee F. Breisacher)
• Re: UK computer security audit (Henry Spencer)
• Lost files (Norman Yusol)
• Canard!! [Looping Mailers] (Lindsay F. Marshall)
• Friend-foe identification (Henry Spencer)
• Micros in Car Engines (Jed Sutherland)
• Information replacing knowledge (Bard Bloom, Herb Lin, Jerry Saltzer)
• Spelling becoming obsolete? (Ted Lee)
• They almost got me! [A motor-vehicle database saga] (Mark Hittinger)

Volume 4 Issue 10 (Wednesday, 12 November 1986)

• Extreme computer risks in British business (Lindsay F. Marshall)
• Alabama election snafu caused by programmer (PGN)
• Looping mailer strikes again (Brian Reid, Nancy Leveson)
• Lost files on Bitnet (Niall Mansfield)
• VOA car testing (Bill Janssen)
• Re: Aftermath of the Big Bang (apology) (Robert Stroud)
• Re: The Future of English (T. H. Crowley [both of them])
• Word-processors Not a Risk (Ralph Johnson)

Volume 4 Issue 11 (Friday, 14 November 1986)

• Computers don't kill people, people kill people (Howard Israel)
• Open microphone in the sky (Bob Parnass)
• Computerized Voting in Texas (Jerry Leichter)
• Problems with HNN (Alan Wexelblat)
• Post-hacker-era computer crime (Talk by Sandy Sherizen)
• Re: They almost got me! [A motor-vehicle database saga] (Doug Hardie)
• Re: information replacing knowledge (G.L. Sicherman)

Volume 4 Issue 12 (Sunday, 16 November 1986)

• Air Traffic Control radar problems ()
• Stuck Microphone and Near-Collision of 727s ()
• Gwinnett County Voting (Scott Dorsey)
• Micros in cars (Paul Kalapathy)
• DMV computer networks (Bob Campbell)
• Serious security bug in 3.4 (Dave Martindale)
• "Maj. Doug Hardie" and his story (Bruce Schuck)
• Necessity of language skills (Daniel G. Rabe)
• Call for Papers — Safety and Reliability Society Symposium (Nancy Leveson)

Volume 4 Issue 13 (Tuesday, 18 November 1986)

• Framing of life-and-death situations (Jim Horning)
• On placing the blame (Peter J. Denning)
• Computer picks wife (Matthew Kruk)
• Re: Micros in cars (Brint Cooper)
• Re: They almost got me! (Will Martin)
• Re: A variation of the Stanford breakin method (Joe Pistritto)
• Microfiched income-tax records stolen (John Coughlin)
• Re: Copyrights (Andrew Klossner)

Volume 4 Issue 14 (Wednesday, 19 November 1986)

• Re: On placing the blame (Matt Bishop)
• At last, a way to reduce [net]news traffic (Jerry Aguirre via Matthew P Wiener)
• Safety-Critical Software in the UK (Appendix B of ACARD report)

Volume 4 Issue 15 (Thursday, 20 November 1986)

• IBM VM/SP SP Cracked (Jack Shaw)
• On placing the blame AND Safety-Critical UK Software (Bjorn Freeman-Benson)
• On placing the blame (Scot Wilcoxon)
• Safety-Critical Software in the UK (Scott E. Preece)
• Computer-based stock trading (from Discover)
• FAA's Role in Developing a Mid-Air Collision-Avoidance System (Chuck Youman)

Volume 4 Issue 16 (Saturday, 22 November 1986)

• Banking machine almost ruins love life of Vancouver couple (Mark Brader)
• 2+2= ? (Risks of self-testing, especially with nonexistent tests) (Lindsay)
• Re: Computer-based stock trading (Roger Mann)
• Re: appendix to ACARD report (Nancy Leveson)
• Some further thoughts on the UK software-certification proposals (Dave Platt)
• Dependable Computing and the ACM Communications (PGN)

Volume 4 Issue 17 (Monday, 24 November 1986)

• Computer Risks and the Audi 5000 (Howard Israel with excerpts from Brint Cooper, Charlie Hurd, Clive Dawson)
• Risks of changing Air Traffic Control software? (Greg Earle)
• Re: the UK Software-Verification Proposal (Bard Bloom)
• Program Trading (Howard Israel, Eric Nickell, dmc)
• Decision Making (Clive Dawson)

Volume 4 Issue 18 (Wednesday, 25 November 1986)

• RISKS, computer-relevance, where-to-place-the-blame, etc. (PGN)
• Verification and the UK proposal (Jim Horning)
• When the going gets tough, the tough use the phone… (Jerry Leichter)
• Re: 60 minutes reporting on the Audi 5000 (Eugene Miya)
• Minireviews of Challenger article and computerized-roulette book (Martin Minow)
• More on the UK Software-Verification Proposal (Bill Janssen)

Volume 4 Issue 19 (Wednesday, 26 November 1986)

• Very Brief Comments on the Current Issues (Kim Collins)
• The Audi discussion is relevant (Hal Murray)
• Audi 5000 (Roy Smith)
• Laser-printer health risks; also, how to get ACARD report (Jonathan Bowen)
• Data point on error rate in large systems (Hal Murray)
• Re: Program Trading (Roger Mann)
• Technical merits of SDI (from Richard Scribner)

Volume 4 Issue 20 (Sunday, 30 November 1986)

• Smart metals (Steven H. Gutfreund)
• Risks of having — or not having — records of telephone calls ()
• Audi and 60 Minutes (Mark S. Brader)
• Audi 5000/Micros in cars and the Mazda RX7 (Peter Stokes)
• Automated trading (Scott Dorsey)
• "Borrowed" Canadian tax records; Security of medical records (Mark S. Brader)

Volume 4 Issue 21 (Sunday, 30 November 1986)

• Risks of Computer Modeling and Related Subjects (Mike Williams--LONG MESSAGE)

Volume 4 Issue 22 (Tuesday, 2 December 1986)

• More Air Traffic Control Near-Collisions (PGN)
• Re: satellite interference (Jerome H. Saltzer)
• "Welcome to the ………. system": An invitation? (Bruce N. Baker)
• Replicability; econometrics (Charles Hedrick)
• Re: Risks of computer modeling (John Gilmore)
• Computerized weather models (Amos Shapir)
• Active control of skyscrapers (Warwick Bolam)
• Privacy in the office (Paul Czarnecki)
• Kremlin is purging dimwitted scientists (Matthew P Wiener; also in ARMS-D)

Volume 4 Issue 23 (Wednesday, 3 December 1986)

• The persistence of memory [and customs officials] (Richard V. Clayton)
• America's Cup - floppies held to ransom (Computing Australia via Derek)
• Some thoughts regarding recent postings: blame and causality (Eugene Miya)
• Microcomputer controlled cars (not Audi) (Miriam Nadel)
• Re: Welcome to the system (Ronda Henning)
• Re: Automated trading (Scott Dorsey)
• Active control of skyscrapers (Herb Lin)
• Sanity in Automating Keyword Abstracting (Paul Ryan)

Volume 4 Issue 24 (Friday, 5 December 1986)

• Criminal Encryption & Long Term effects (Baxter)
• Criminals and encryption (Phil Karn)
• Re: ATC Near-Collisions (Rony Shapiro)
• High Availability Systems (PGN)
• Plug-compatible modules (PGN)
• "Satellite interference" (Lauren Weinstein)
• Re: Privacy in the office (Brint Cooper)
• ACARD Report (Samuel B. Bassett)

Volume 4 Issue 25 (Sunday, 7 December 1986)

• Child electrocuted (Anonymous, Brad Davis, Paul Nelson)
• On models, publications, and credibility (Bob Estell)
• Encryption and criminals (Perry Metzger, Fred Hapgood)
• Mode-C altitude transponders (Dan Nelson)
• ATM Limits (Richard Outerbridge)
• Taking the 5th (Jerry Leichter)

Volume 4 Issue 26 (Wednesday, 10 December 1986)

• Computer Error Endangers Hardware (Nancy I. Garman)
• "One of the Worst Days Ever for Muni Metro, BART" (PGN)
• Korean Air Lines Flight 007 (Steve Jong)
• Plug Compatible Modules; Criminal Encryption (David Fetrow)
• More on skyscraper control (Mike Ekberg)
• Satellite interference (James D. Carlson)
• (Il)legal Encryption (Richard Outerbridge)
• Software article in _Computer Design_ (Walt Thode)
• Heavy metal and light algorithms (PGN)
• Suit against Lotus dropped (Bill Sommerfeld)

Volume 4 Issue 27 (Thursday, 11 December 1986)

• Computerised Discrimination (Brian Randell)
• Belgian Paper transcends computer breakdown (Martin Minow)
• Re: Plug-compatible modules (Keith F. Lynch)
• Re: Criminal Encryption (Keith F. Lynch, Ira D. Baxter, Dave Platt)
• Re: More on skyscraper control (Brint Cooper)
• The Second Labor of Hercules (Dave Benson)

Volume 4 Issue 28 (Friday, 12 December 1986)

• Mount a scratch giraffe, too? Make that several. (Jim Horning)
• Elf debuts as parking attendant (Kevin B. Kenny)
• Plug-compatible plugs (Chris Koenigsberg, Henry Schaffer)
• An Amusing Article on the Taxonomy of "Bugs" (Lindsay F. Marshall)
• Satellite interference (Lauren Weinstein)
• Fast-food computers (Scott Guthery)
• Re: More on skyscraper control (Chuck Kennedy)
• Re: Risks of Computer Modeling (Craig Paxton)
• Re: Computerized Discrimination (Randall Davis)
• Computers and Educational Decrepitude (Geof Cooper)
• Symposium — Directions and Implications of Advanced Computing (Jon Jacky)

Volume 4 Issue 29 (Sunday, 14 December 1986)

• America's Cup: Left-over Digital Filter (Bruce Wampler)
• Some additions to the "bug" taxonomy (Dick King)
• Re: uninterruptible power (Ted Lee)
• Trade-offs between BMD architecture and software tractability (Herb Lin)
• Re: Criminal encryption (Garry Wiegand)
• Computerised Discrimination (Scott Preece)
• More on Incompatible Plug-Compatible Monitors (Al Stangenberger)

Volume 4 Issue 30 (Tuesday, 16 December 1986)

• Arpanet outage (Andrew Malis)
• Dynamic Signature Verification (Robert Stroud [and Brian Randell])
• Wobbly skyscrapers and passive vs. active controls (Niall Mansfield)
• Re: The Audi 5000 problems (Matt Smiley)
• Modifying bank cards (Rodney Hoffman)
• Credit card mag strips (Ted Marshall)
• Fast-Food Computing (Edward Vielmetti)
• "bugs" (Doug McIlroy, Jonathan Clark, Bob Estell)

Volume 4 Issue 31 (Wednesday, 17 December 1986)

• Don't sit too close! ("And Now, Exploding Computers") (Jerry Leichter)
• Car-stress syndrome (Robert D. Houk)
• Korean Air Lines Flight 007 (Niall Mansfield)
• Heisenbugs (Rob Austein [an example], Doug Landauer)
• Criminal Encryption (Bill Gunshannon [counterexample?])
• Taking the "con" out of econometrics… correction and a plea (Mike Williams)

Volume 4 Issue 32 (Thursday, 17 December 1986)

• EXTRA! British Telecom payphone Phonecard broken? ()

Volume 4 Issue 33 (Sunday, 21 December 1986)

• Help British Telecom save a WORM. (Scot E. Wilcoxon)
• Security of magnetic-stripe cards (Brian Reid)
• Korean Air Lines Flight 007 (Dick King)
• Car-stress syndrome (Dick King)
• Bugs called cockroaches [A True Fable For Our Times] (anonymous)
• Re: More on car computers (not Audi) (Miriam Nadel)
• Runaway Audi 5000 (John O. Rutemiller)

Volume 4 Issue 34 (Tuesday, 23 December 1986)

• Debit cards that don't (Edward M. Embick, PGN)
• Re: security of magnetic-stripe cards (Henry Spencer)
• Plug-compatible plugs (Henry Spencer)
• Runaway Audi 5000 (Mark Brader)
• Ozone layer (Mark Brader)
• Another heisenbug (Zhahai Stewart)
• More "bugs" (Tom Parmenter via Richard Lamson)
• Computer Malpractice (Dave Platt)
• Financial Servomechanisms (Brian Randell)

Volume 4 Issue 35 (Saturday, 3 January 1987)

• Computer Gets Stage Fright (Chuck Youman)
• Still More on PhoneCards (PGN)
• Miscarriages Up in Women Exposed In Computer-Chip Process (Martin Minow)
• Across the Atlantic with Cast Iron (Earl Boebert)
• Heisenbugs — Two more examples (Maj. Doug Hardie)
• Risks Involved in Campus Network-building (Rich Kulawiec)
• Update on Swedish Vulnerability Board Report (Martin Minow)
• DES cracked? (Dave Platt)

Volume 4 Issue 36 (Tuesday, 6 January 1987)

• A Heisenbug Example from the SIFT Computer (Jack Goldberg)
• More Heisen-debugs (Don Lindsay)
• The Conrail train wreck (PGN)
• Software glitches in high-tech defense systems (from Michael Melliar-Smith)
• Computer program zeroes out fifth grader; Computerized gift-wrap (Ed Reid)
• Videocypher, DES (Jerry Leichter)
• More on the possible DES crack (David Platt)
• Campus LANs (James D. Carlson, Don Wegeng, Henry Spencer)
• Engineering Ethics (Chuck Youman)

Volume 4 Issue 37 (Wednesday, 7 January 1987)

• Re: vulnerability of campus LANs (Ted Lee, David Fetrow)
• Re: DES cracked? (Henry Spencer)
• Cellular risks (from Geoff Goodfellow via PGN)
• "Letters From a Deadman" (Rodney Hoffman)
• Stock Market Volatility (Randall Davis)
• Engineering ethics (Dick Karpinski)
• Computerized Discrimination (Ken Laws)

Volume 4 Issue 38 (Thursday, 8 January 1987)

• As the year turns … (Jeffrey Mogul)
• Automobile micros (Hal Murray)
• Chemicals in semiconductor manufacturing (Michael Scott)
• Cellular — Ref to Geoff (via PGN)
• "Misinformation"?? (Dick Karpinski)
• Burnham Book — A Recommendation (Alan Wexelblat)
• Engineering Ethics (Dan Ball)
• Re: Stock Market Volatility (Richard A. Cowan)

Volume 4 Issue 39 (Sunday, 11 January 1987)

• Re: As the year turns … (Jerry Saltzer)
• 911 computer failure (PGN)
• Engineering tradeoffs and ethics (Andy Freeman, Ken Laws, George Erhart)
• Re: computerized discrimination (Randall Davis)

Volume 4 Issue 40 (Wednesday, 14 January 1987)

• Phone Cards (Brian Randell)
• It's No Joke!! (Microwave oven bakes 3 yrs of PC data) (Lindsay Marshall)
• Automation bottoms out (PGN)
• Amtrak train crash with Conrail freight locomotive — more (PGN)
• Re: Cellular risks (Robert Frankston)
• Re: Ask not for whom the chimes tinkle (Tom Perrine via Kurt Sauer)
• Re: Engineering ethics (PGN)
• Repetitive Strain Injury and VDTs (Mark Jackson)
• Safety Officers and "Oversight" (Henry Spencer)

Volume 4 Issue 41 (Monday, 22 January 1987)

• Audi 5000 recall (Dave Platt)
• UK EFT Risks (Brian Randell)
• Another Bank Card Horror Story (Dave Wortman)
• Stock Market behavior (Rob Horn)

Volume 4 Issue 42 (Friday, 23 January 1987)

• A scary tale—Sperry avionics module testing bites the dust? (Nancy Leveson)
• Computer gotcha (Dave Emery)
• Re: Another Bank Card Horror Story (Robert Frankston)
• Stock Market behavior (Howard Israel, Gary Kremen)
• Engineering models applied to systems (Alan Wexelblat)
• Re: British EFT note (Alan Wexelblat)
• Train Wreck Inquiry (Risks 2.9) (Matthew Kruk)
• Cost-benefit analyses and automobile recalls (John Chambers)

Volume 4 Issue 43 (Monday, 26 January 1987)

• "Cable `Hackers' Claim Scrambler is History"; other breaches (PGN)
• Re: VideoCypher II (Michael Grant)
• Re: DES cracked? (Douglas Humphrey)
• Re: Billions (Brian Randell)
• GM On-Board Computers (Wes Williams)
• Active control of skyscrapers (Peter G. Capek)

Volume 4 Issue 44 (Thursday, 29 January 1987)

• Air Traffic Control — More Mid-Air Collisions and Prevention (PGN)
• Time warp for Honeywell CP-6 sites (P. Higgins)
• GM On-Board Computers (Martin Harriman)
• Loose coupling (Ephraim Vishniac)
• Units RISKS and also a book to read (Lindsay F. Marshall)
• Re: Unit conversion errors (Alan M. Marcum, Keith F. Lynch)
• DP Ethics: The "Stanley House" Criteria (Pete McVay)

Volume 4 Issue 45 (Monday, 2 February 1987)

• DATE-86, or The Ghost of Tinkles Past (Rob Austein)
• Computerised Discrimination (an update) (Brian Randell)
• Another non-malfunctioning alarm (Jeffrey Thomas)
• Re: Engineering models applied to systems, RISKS-4.42 (Joseph S. D. Yao)
• Re: A scary tale—Sperry avionics module testing bites the dust? (D.W. James)

Volume 4 Issue 46 (Monday, 8 February 1987)

• TV-program on PBS: NOVA - Why Planes Crash (Werner Uhrig, Michael Harris)
• Electronic steering (Steve McLafferty)
• Senior to Repay Bank 25,000 Dollars (Steve Thompson)
• Recursive risks in computer design (McCullough)
• Library Failure (Chuck Weinstock)
• CP-6 time warp update (the true story) (John Joseph via Paul Higgins)
• Glitch in the Computers and Society Digest mailing list… (Dave Taylor)
• More on British Phone fraud (Will Martin)
• Wall Street Journal article on Risks (Jerome H. Saltzer)

Volume 4 Issue 47 (Monday, 16 February 1987)

• The fielding is mutuel! (PGN)
• Another worm story (Dave Platt)
• Re: The student's extra $25,000 (Ronald J Wanttaja)
• Problems with the B-1B Bomber (Bill McGarry)
• Super-Smart Cards Are Here. (Leo Schwab)
• Iranamok Computer-Databased (Craig Milo Rogers)
• Re: electronic steering (Tom Adams, Amos Shapir)
• Re: Nova: Why Planes Crash (Alan M. Marcum)
• Re: Library computerization (Will Martin)
• Second British Telecom Fraud (Lindsay F. Marshall)

Volume 4 Issue 48 (Wednesday 18 February 1987)

• Four near air misses in 1986; Radar failure (Lindsay F. Marshall)
• Computer failure causes flight delays (Rodney Hoffman)
• Real RISKS (as opposed to virtual risks) of aircraft (Eugene Miya)
• Trojan Horse alert (Al Stangenberger)
• Computerized Town Data Vanish (Jerry Leichter)
• Re: UCSD work on human error (Alexander Glockner)
• Connector risk (Rob Horn)
• Re: Electronic steering (Brint Cooper)

Volume 4 Issue 49 (Sunday, 22 February 1987)

• A misplaced report (Danny Cohen)
• Relevance (Amos Shapir)
• Re: London ATC (Jonathan Clark)
• Disk space cleanup causes problems with on-line Bar Admission exam (David Sherman)
• Automatic Call Tracing for Emergency Services (Mark Jackson)
• Re: The student's extra $25,000 (Kee Hinckley)
• Re: Electronic steering (Hien B. Tang)
• Re: TV-program on PBS: NOVA - Why Planes Crash (Henry Spencer)
• Re: RJ (phone) connectors for terminals (Jordan Brown)

Volume 4 Issue 50 (Monday, 23 February 1987)

• Principles of RISKS (James H. Coombs)
• "Demon computer" (PGN)
• NSA Risks (Alan Wexelblat)
• Results of a recent security review (Mary Holstege)
• Electronic steering (Kevin J. Belles, Rick Sidwell, Kevin Oliveau, Mark L. Lambert)

Volume 4 Issue 51 (Tuesday, 24 February 1987)

• HiTech version of NixonTapes (Pete Lee)
• Re: Automatic Call Tracing for Emergency Services (Lee Naish)
• Air Traffic Control, Auto-Land (Matthew Machlis)
• Electronic steering (Spencer W. Thomas, excerpt from William Swan)
• Hurricane Iwa and the Hawaii blackout of 1984 (Bob Cunningham responding to James Burke, via Matthew P Wiener)
• Summary of a Talk by SANFORD (SANDY) SHERIZEN on Computer Crime (Eugene Miya)

Volume 4 Issue 52 (Thursday, 26 February 1987)

• B-1 plagued by problems (PGN)
• Computer loses bus (Mark Biggar)
• Human errors (Brian Randell)
• Possessed terminal? (pom)
• Entertainment risks (Walt Thode)
• Automatic Call Tracing for Emergency Services (James Roche, Charley Wingate)
• "Active" car suspensions (Graeme Dixon)
• Altitude-Detecting Radar (Matthew Machlis)
• Re: Results of a recent security review (Andrew Klossner)
• Re: Sherizen talk; auto-landing (Eugene Miya)
• Air Traffic Control, Auto-Land (Scott E. Preece)
• Risks of autopilots (and risks of solutions) (Bill Janssen)
• Another difference between electronic control in cars and fighters (Brent Chapman)
• Re: Hurricane Iwa (Scott Dorsey)

Volume 4 Issue 53 (Sunday, 1 March 1987)

• Setuid Patent (Lindsay F. Marshall)
• On PGN's editorial comment on human misuse of computers (Eugene Miya)
• An aside on the B-1 (Eugene Miya)
• Autolander discussion (Nancy Leveson)
• Re: Air Traffic Control, Auto-Land (Dean Pentcheff)
• Electronic Steering (Ray Chen, Herb Lin)

Volume 4 Issue 54 (Monday, 2 March 1987)

• Rockford Illinois Destroyed by Computer! (Chuck Weinstock)
• Ma Bell's Daughter Does Dallas (PGN)
• FAA Does Houston (PGN)
• Tempest Puget, or The Sound and the Ferries (PGN)
• Re: proper use of suid (Jef Poskanzer)
• Process Control (Chuck Weinstock)
• Risks in switching to computerized `people meters' (Bill Janssen)
• A lovely algorithm (Don Lindsay)

Volume 4 Issue 55 (Tuesday, 3 March 1987)

• Air Cargo system in chaos (Lindsay F. Marshall)
• ATM Cards Devoured (again!); Royal Shakedowne for Tickets (Robert Stroud)
• Re: Risks in the NSC computer archives (Carlton Hommel)
• Re: A Scary Tale—Sperry Avionics … (Kevin Driscoll)
• Re: Altitude encoders: $1500 for Mode C? No, $750. (Jordan Brown)
• One more on fly/steer-by-wire (Jonathan Clark)
• Steer-by-wire cars (Doug Rudoff)
• Software Safety in ACM Computing Surveys (Daniel S. Conde)
• Computerized `people meters' for TV audience ratings (Niall Mansfield)
• More on Dallas Phone outage (Mark Linnig)
• Soliciting suggestions for 1988 CSC panel on liability (Gene Spofford)
• Conference on computing and society in Seattle — REMINDER (Jon Jacky)

Volume 4 Issue 56 (Thursday, 5 March 1987)

• Computer problems produce false weather warnings (Mike Linnig)
• Some postscript notes about Hurricane Iwa (Bob Cunningham)
• Tempest Puget (Bill Roman)
• Computer Aided Dispatching (James Roche)
• Teflon flywheels and safe software (Hal Guthery)
• Autoland and Conflict Alert (Alan M. Marcum)
• Re: Air Traffic Control, Auto-Land (Amos Shapir)
• Re: An aside on the B-1 (Henry Spencer)
• Plane Crashes (David Purdue)
• In defense of drive-by-wire (Mike McLaughlin)

Volume 4 Issue 57 (Friday, 6 March 1987)

• Re: Air Traffic Control, Auto-Land (David Redell)
• 911, drive-fly by wire, risks, and the American work ethic (Wes Williams)
• Re: drive by wire (Bennett Todd)
• Autoland (Peter Ladkin)
• Re: Puget Sound Ferry Boats (Bjorn Freeman-Benson)
• Credit Card Limits (Clive Dawson)
• NSA Monitored McFarlane House, Magazine Reports (Don Hopkins)

Volume 4 Issue 58 (Sunday, 8 March 1987)

• The Sperry Plan, FAA Certification, and N-Version Programming (Nancy Leveson) (LONG MESSAGE)

Volume 4 Issue 59 (Sunday, 8 March 1987)

• Safe software (Geraint Jones)
• Computer Problem causes airline financial loss (Rob Horn)
• Re: Altitude Encoders… expensive for some (Ronald J Wanttaja)
• Influence of goal selection on safety (Henry Spencer)
• Re: Puget Sound Ferry Boats (Dennis Anderson, Robert Frankston, Bjorn Freeman-Benson)
• GOES satellites, Scotchbrite, Gnomic Maxims, and Mr. Bill (Martin Harriman)
• Spreadsheet budget helping legislators (Scot E. Wilcoxon)

Volume 4 Issue 60 (Monday, 9 March 1987)

• Feel better now? (Martin Minow)
• Computers in the Arts (or The Show Must Go On …) (Jeannette Wing)
• Sensitive Intelligence Document Published On Magazine Cover (Stevan Milunovic)
• Mode-C Transponders (Phil R. Karn)
• Physical risks and software risks (Eugene Miya)
• Safe software (Scott E. Preece)
• Helicopter rotor failures (Peter Ladkin)
• Re: Electronic steering (D. V. W. James)
• Altitude Encoders… expensive for some (Herb Lin)
• F-104 (Elliott S. Frank)

Volume 4 Issue 61 (Tuesday, 10 March 1987)

• More on human errors (Brian Randell)
• Re: Teflon flywheels and safe software (Brian Randell)
• Re: Computers in the Arts (Alan Wexelblat, Jeffrey R Kell)
• Local telephone service problems (Jonathan Thornburg)
• Computer Failure Delays Flights at Atlanta Airport (PGN)
• Ozone hole a false alarm? (Henry Spencer)
• More on Requiring Mode C transponders (John Allred, Ken Calvert)

Volume 4 Issue 62 (Wednesday, 11 March 1987)

• "Software Safety: What, Why, and How" (Minireview by Jim Horning)
• Beef with Restaurant's Hi-Tech Computer (Yigal Arens)
• Electronic Steering (Mike Brown)
• Enhanced 911 risks (Mike Brown)
• Computers in the arts (Don Craig, Glenn Trewitt)
• Mode C (Ken Calvert)
• Re: Plane Crashes (Ronald J Wanttaja)
• Re: Results of a recent security review (Arnold D. Robbins)
• Risks of Maintaining RISKS — and a reminder for BITNET readers (PGN)

Volume 4 Issue 63 (Thursday, 12 March 1987)

• Re: Teflon flywheels and safe software (Al Mok)
• Re: Electronic Steering (Bob Ayers)
• Inputs For Quantitative Risk Assessment (Hal Guthery)
• Re: Active car suspension (Geof Cooper)
• Ozone hole a false alarm? (Mark Brader)
• Phone problems (RISKs in auto-dialers) (David Barto)
• Re: Mode C Transponders (Jan Wolitzky)
• Automatic Landing Systems (Hugh LaMaster)
• F-111 Losses (Rob Fowler)
• Re: Computers in the Arts (Computer lighting) (Shannon Nelson)

Volume 4 Issue 64 (Monday, 16 March 1987)

• Computer-lighting board nearly causes WWIII (Brent Laminack)
• Computerized telephone sales pitch meets emergency broadcast number (Brent Laminack)
• Furniture risks — Vanishing Diskettes (Lee Breisacher)
• Reprise on the UK Government's ACARD Report (Brian Randell)
• Last minute changes (Roy Smith)
• Risk in “High'' Financing (Michael Wester)
• Risk at Crown Books (Scott R. Turner)
• Human errors in computer systems — another reference (Jack Goldberg)
• Requests for War Stories in Scientific Programming (Dennis Stevenson)
• TFR and F-111s (Eugene Miya)
• An Open University Text Book (Brian Randell)
• US NEWS article on 'Smart' Weapons - questions and concerns (Jon Jacky)

Volume 4 Issue 65 (Thursday, 19 March 1987)

• Largest computer crime loss in history? (Gary Kremen)
• Health hazards of poorly placed CRT screens (Gregory Sandell)
• Re: Computerized telephone sales pitch … (Robert Frankston)
• Re: phone key-pad speed vs accuracy (Andrew Klossner)
• ATM experience (Joe Herman)
• Computerized Telemarketing (Rob Aitken)
• Submission impossible? (PGN)
• Risk at Crown Books (Christopher Garrigues)
• Altitude Encoders… expensive for some (Herb Lin)
• RTD Ghost Story: a Phantom Warehouse (Eric Nickell)

Volume 4 Issue 66 (Sunday, 22 March 1987)

• Question for Risks Readers on Overcoming Information Overload with Technology (Dave Taylor)
• Fumes from PC's (Lauren Weinstein)
• Re: health hazards of poorly placed CRT screens (Brinton Cooper)
• How to lose your ATM card (Jan Kok)
• Re: ATM experience (Bruce McKenney)
• Re: Increased Telephone Switching Capabilities (Dan Graifer)
• Releasing the phone line (edg)
• Automatic dialing devices in Canada (Michael Wagner)
• Overconfidence in Airplane Computers? (Ted Lee)

Volume 4 Issue 67 (Tuesday, 24 March 1987)

• Winch is the greatest risk in a theater? (Dave Wortman)
• DC9 Computer Failure (Earl Boebert)
• Health hazards associated with VDU use: eyestrain (John J. Mackin)
• Who called? (Jerome M Lang)
• Car Phone Intercept — implications of captured data (Alex Dickinson)
• Re: Increased Telephone Switching Capabilities (Michael Wagner)
• Re: Telephone switches (Bjorn Freeman-Benson)
• Re: ATM experience (Roy Smith)
• Risks of ATM machines (Mike Linnig)
• Bank troubles, M.E. magazine (David Chase)
• Re: "The Choking Doberman…" (Elliott S. Frank)
• Newspaper article on Audi 5000S (Mark Brader)

Volume 4 Issue 68 (Thursday, 26 March 1987)

• Re: Health hazards associated with VDU use: eyestrain (Barry Gold)
• … and fluorescents (Re:RISKS-4.67) (Brad Davis)
• … and related injuries (Jeremy Grodberg)
• Conference on Computers and Law (David G. Cantor)
• Re: runaway motors (Don Lindsay)
• The social implications of inadvertent broadcasts (Donn Seeley)
• Re: Increased Telephone Switching Capabilities (Andrew Klossner)
• Re: phone number of caller (Don Lindsay, Jeremy Grodberg)
• Hang-ups (Paul Wilcox-Baker)

Volume 4 Issue 69 (Friday, 27 March 1987)

• Cellular phone fraud busts (thanks to Geoff Goodfellow)
• "… and its fate is still unlearned…"; robotic exploration of Mars (Martin Minow)
• Re: Returned mail — "Host unknown" (Richard Schedler and PGN)
• Re: Phone problems (Larry E. Kollar)
• Re: ATM experience (Brent Chapman)

Volume 4 Issue 70 (Wednesday, 1 April 1987)

• Rocket Shot Down By Faulty “Star Wars'' Weapon (Phil R. Karn)
• ATMs, phones, health hazards, and other sundry subjects (PGN)
• Computer Risks in Theatre (Warwick Bolam)
• PC fumes (Dick King)
• A real eye-catching headline (David Chase)
• Risks of being fuzzy-minded (Ted Lee)
• ATM discussions (gins)
• Re: ATM experience … it actually gets worse (Allen Brown)

Volume 4 Issue 71 (Sunday, 5 April 1987)

• Re: A real eye-catching headline — nuclear safety (Jerry Saltzer, Peter G. Neumann, Henry Spencer)
• A non-fail-safe ATM failure (Don Chiasson)
• Fumes from computers and other electronic appliances (Richard Thomsen)
• Open University Fire (Lindsay F. Marshall)

Volume 4 Issue 72 (Wednesday, 8 April 1987)

• New kind of computer-technology-related deaths? (PGN)
• Conrail Sale Funds Transfer (Chuck Weinstock)
• Re: "Inherently safe nuclear reactors" (Phil Ngai)
• A different RISK? (in-flight control computers) (Peter Ladkin)
• Fumes from computers and other electronic appliances (Mark W. Eichin)
• VDT related skin cancer? (Chris Koenigsberg)

Volume 4 Issue 73 (Saturday, 11 April 1987)

• Unintentional information dissemination (George W. Dinolt)
• Computers & Personal Privacy (Steve Thompson)
• Air Traffic Control in the UK (Lindsay F. Marshall)
• Air Traffic Control in the USA (PGN)
• Re: "Inherently safe nuclear reactors" (Jim Carter)
• Submarine reactor safety (Jim Hunt)
• Re: A different RISK? (in-flight control computers) (Ronald J Wanttaja)
• Risks"-taking" of in-flight control computers (Eugene Miya)
• Software Risks with Cable TV (Walt Thode)
• The UNIX rwall problem ["My Broadcast"] (Jordan K. Hubbard)

Volume 4 Issue 74 (Tuesday, 14 April 1987)

• Re: In-flight control computers (Henry Spencer)
• Trojan Horse alert (Al Stangenberger)
• The Limits of Software Reliability (Brian Randell)
• Re: Conrail Sale Funds Transfer — and a 747 overflow (Henry Spencer)
• Re: VDT related skin cancer? (Henry Spencer)
• Re: Open University Fire (Henry Spencer)
• DES Second Review Notice [on the RISKS OF STANDARDS] (David M. Balenson)
• Bank Computers (Not ATM's) (Ken Ross)
• The Marconi Affair (Brian Randell)

Volume 4 Issue 75 (Monday, 20 April 1987)

• Flight control risks (Peter Ladkin)
• “More on risky high-g piloting'' (Tom Perrine)
• Checklist stops risks? (Joseph Beckman)
• Radiation risk at airports? (Paul Stewart)
• How to post a fake (Chuq Von Rospach, Rob Robertson)
• Re: Bank Computers (Not ATMs) (Kuhn)
• Correction to Conrail Sale Funds Transfer (Mark Brader)
• "Reliability Theory Applied to Software Testing" (HP Journal) (Rich Rosenbaum)

Volume 4 Issue 76 (Wednesday, 22 April 1987)

• Risks of Warranties (Jim Horning)
• Re: Checklist stops risks? (Jerome H. Saltzer)
• Newer highly maneuverable planes on board and checklists (Eugene Miya)
• Aircraft risks (Peter Ladkin)
• Neutron beam detection (Scott Dorsey)

Volume 4 Issue 77 (Thursday, 23 April 1987)

• 'Hackers' hit the Jackpot (Michael Bednarek)
• Fidelity Mutual Funds Money Line feature (Chris Salander via Barry Shein)
• VCRs, Telephones, and Toasters (Martin Ewing)
• Checklists, Aircraft risks, and Neutrons (Eugene Miya)
• Neutron Beams for Explosives Detection (Marco Barbarisi)
• Forgery on Usenet (Brad Templeton)
• Re: How to post a fake (Wayne Throop)

Volume 4 Issue 78 (Sunday, 26 April 1987)

• Re: Fidelity Mutual Funds Money Line feature (Martin Ewing, Brint Cooper)
• Re: Forgery on Usenet (Matt Bishop)
• Re: VCRs, Telephones, and Toasters (Mark Jackson)
• References on computer-professional certification (John Shore)
• CPSR/Boston presentation: "Reliability and Risk" ()

Volume 4 Issue 79 (Saturday, 2 May 1987)

• Risks of RISKS resurgent — CSL DEAD FOR THREE DAYS, STILL HALF DEAD ()
• Re: Fidelity Mutual Funds Money Line feature (Amos Shapir)
• Wheels up (Martin Minow)
• Special Risk Assessment issue of 'Science' (Rodney Hoffman)
• Radiation hazards to computers (Wm Brown III)
• Neutron beam detection (Richard H. Lathrop)
• Computer Database Blackmail by Telephone (Steve Summit)
• Liability Law in the UK (Brian Randell)

Volume 4 Issue 80 (Tuesday, 5 May 1987)

• Computer Risks at the Department of Transportation (PGN)
• Computerized advertising network used to fence hot circuits (PGN)
• EPROMS and "Wimpy" Energy Physics (Patrick Powell)
• Re: Wheels up (Richard M. Geiger, Jerry Hollombe> ()
• Liability for software "unless you buy our method" (John Gilmore)

Volume 4 Issue 81 (Thursday, 7 April 1987)

• Cadillac to recall 57,000 for computer problem (Chuq Von Rospach)
• Public E-Mail Risks? (Brian M. Clapper)
• Wheels up (and simulators) (Eugene Miya, Doug Faunt, Matt Jaffe)
• Subject: Re: the Marconi deaths (an update) (Brian Randell)

Volume 4 Issue 82 (Sunday, 10 May 1987)

• Information Age Commission (PGN)
• Another computer taken hostage (Joe Morris)
• Larceny OF Computers, not BY Computers (Pete Kaiser)
• Risks of superconductivity (Eugene Miya)
• UK Liability Law (follow-up) (Brian Randell)

Volume 4 Issue 83 (Tuesday, 12 May 1987)

• Risks of sharing RISKS (Ted Lee)
• Information Commission (Jim Anderson)
• “How a Computer Hacker Raided the Customs Service'' (Michael Melliar-Smith)
• Computer thefts (Jerry Saltzer)
• Bomb Detection by Nuclear Radiation (Michael Newbery)
• Computer floods summer course registration at U. of Central Florida (Mark Becker)
• A password-breaking program (Dean Pentcheff)
• Sidelight on the Marconi Deaths (Lindsay F. Marshall)
• Software Reliability book by Musa, Iannino and Okumoto (Dave Benson)
• "The Whistle Blower" (Jeff Mogul, via Jon Jacky)

Volume 4 Issue 84 (Tuesday, 12 May 1987)

• Re: Information Age Commission (Herb Lin, Richard Cowan, Bob Estell, David LaGrone, Michael Wagner)
• Re: Information Age Commission; Summer Courses at UCF (William Brown III)
• Re: A password-breaking program (Dean Pentcheff, Jerry Saltzer, Dave Curry)
• Re: Computer thefts (Michael Wagner)
• Re: Computer-related Cadillac recall (Jeffrey R Kell)

Volume 4 Issue 85 (Thursday, 14 May 1987)

• Holiday reading (Jim Horning)
• Hey, buddy, wanna buy a phone call cheap? (PGN)
• Re: Information Age Commission (Ted Lee, SEG)
• Information Age Commission and the number of readers of RISKS (David Sherman)
• Lockable computers (Pat Hayes)
• How a Computer Hacker Raided the Customs Service — Abstrisks (a nit) (Paul F Cudney)

Volume 4 Issue 86 (Monday, 18 May 1987)

• ATM Fraud (Chuck Weinstock)
• Between Iraq and a Hard Place [Protect Your Phalanx] (William D. Ricker)
• Wozniak Scholarship for Hackers (Martin Minow)
• Information Overload and Technology? (David Chess)
• Passwords, thefts (Andrew Burt)
• Passwords, sexual preference and statistical coincidence? (Robert W. Baldwin)

Volume 4 Issue 87 (Wednesday, 20 May 1987)

• Computer Libel: A New Legal Battlefield (PGN from Digital Review)
• Electric chair tested by car insurer (Bill Fisher from Machine Design)
• Computers and Open Meetings laws (Barbara Zanzig)
• Re: Phalanx (Chuck Weinstock)
• Choosing a password (Jonathan Bowen)
• Re: Passwords, thefts (Michael Wagner)
• Nuclear Plant Emergency Plan: In Event of Quake, Smash Toilets (UPI via Don Hopkins, Michael Grant, and Geoff Goodfellow)

Volume 4 Issue 88 (Thursday, 21 May 1987)

• Re: Phalanx (Phil Ngai)
• Open meeting laws (Dave Parnas)
• Concerning UN*X (in)security (Mike Carlton)
• Ed Joyce, Software Bugs: A Matter of Life and Liability (Eugene Miya)
• Risks and system pre-login banners (PGN)
• Risks of Running RISKS, Cont'd. (PGN)

Volume 4 Issue 89 (Sunday, 24 May 1987)

• Factory Robots Killing Humans, Japan Reports (PGN)
• Mysterious BART power outage (PGN)
• More on the Master Password attack (PGN)
• Measures, countermeasures, and under-the-countermeasures (PGN)
• Phalanx (Scott Dorsey, Henry Spencer)
• rhosts (Anthony A. Datri)
• Computer Bill of Rights (Eugene Miya)
• Credit Information Access (Ron Heiby)
• Open meeting laws (Jonathan Handel)
• Privacy and Email - The Law Takes Notice (Jerry Leichter)

Volume 4 Issue 90 (Monday, 25 May 1987)

• Laser guided missiles… (Herb Lin)
• Computer use costs civil servants $1,270 (Matthew Kruk)
• Liability in Expert Systems (David Chase)
• Electronic Communications Privacy Act (Dave Curry)
• ATM security (Kenton Abbott Hoover via Martin Minow)
• Communications Technology Aids Criminals (Larry Lippman)

Volume 4 Issue 91 (Thursday, 28 May 1987)

• Electromagnetic Interference in Japan (Lindsay F. Marshall)
• Risk of Inappropriate Technology to Prevent Password Overwrite (Paul Stachour)
• Passwords and Statistics (Earl Boebert)
• Why Cellular phones at the Indy 500? (Robert Adams)
• Information Security Products and Services Catalog by NSA (Kurt F. Sauer)
• Re: TRW "Credentials" (John R. Levine)
• Phalanx Schmalanx (PGN, Mike Trout, Torkil Hammer)
• Laser guides (Jon A. Tankersley)
• Re: Risks of running Risks (Jeff Woolsey, Will Martin)
• Re: Computer thefts (David Phillip Oster)

Volume 4 Issue 92 (Saturday, 30 May 1987)

• Computer matching of cats and dachshunds (Rick Kuhn)
• Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) & Liability (Richard S D'Ippolito)
• Horror story about inadvertent wiretapping (Gordon Davisson)
• ATM fraud (Bob Johnson)
• Computer thefts (Mike Alexander, Brint Cooper)
• Shooting Down Exocet Missiles (Mark S. Day)
• Phalanx is unreliable? (Lorenzo Strigini)
• Stark Incident (Eugene Miya)
• Technical error in item "Phalanx Schmalanx" (Mark Brader)
• Phalanx; Laser guides (Phil Ngai)
• Laser guided anti-tank weapons (Eugene Miya)
• Unfair testing (Paul Peters)
• "Credentials", Privacy, etc. (Willis Ware, Alan R. Katz)

Volume 4 Issue 93 (Mon 1 June 1987)

• Soviet Air Defense Penetration (Martin Minow, Eugene Miya)
• Exocet, PHALANX, chaff, and missile defense (Sean Malloy)
• Re: Phalanx Schmalanx (Mike Iglesias)
• Re: Computer thefts (Brian Matthews)
• TRW's Credentials (Jonathan Handel)

Volume 4 Issue 94 (Tuesday, 2 June 1987)

• Australian Computer Crime (Donn Parker)
• PCs and Computer Fraud (PC Week via PGN)
• Technological vs. (?) human failure (Nancy Leveson)
• Risk of Inappropriate Technology to Prevent Password Overwrite (Henry Spencer)
• A twist on modems calling people (Steve Valentine)
• Risks of Compulsive Computer Use (Steve Thompson)
• Perhaps the Bill of Rights you sought? (Bruce Wisentaner)
• Error(s) in "Phalanx Schmalanx" (Mike Trout)

Volume 4 Issue 95 (Wednesday, 3 June 1987)

• COMPASS '87, of particular interest to the RISKS audience (Stan Rifkin)
• Re: Run-time checks (Jerome H. Saltzer)
• Risks of Inappropriate Technology to Prevent Password Overwrites (Michael Robinson)
• Clarification of PL/I array checking (Michael Wagner)
• Risks for computer junkies (Robert Hartman)
• Re: When Computers Ruled the Earth (Bank Stupidity) (Ed Sachs)
• Clarification on CHAPPARAL and VULCAN (Bill Gunshannon)

Volume 4 Issue 96 (Saturday, 6 June 1987)

• Lightning Strikes Twice At NASA (Matthew P Wiener)
• Iraqi cockpit navigation system placed Stark in exclusion zone? (Jon Jacky)
• Run-time checks (Howard Sturgis, Henry Spencer, James M. Bodwin, Alan Wexelblat)
• Error Checking and Norton's Assembly Language Book (James H. Coombs)
• Re: Risks of Compulsive Computer Use (Douglas Jones)
• A reference on Information Overload; a Paradox of Software (Eugene Miya)
• Computerholics (James H. Coombs)
• Naval Warfare — on possible non-detonation of missiles (Mike McLaughlin)

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